🚀 Project 1.2 – Hello World LED

🎯 What You’ll Learn

• ✅ Goal 1: Blink a LED on and off.
• ✅ Goal 2: Control blink speed.
• ✅ Goal 3: Create simple patterns like SOS Morse code.

Key Ideas

• Digital output: Send ON/OFF signals to a pin.
• Delay: Pause for a set time.
• Loop: Repeat actions forever.
• Pattern: Combine timing to make rhythms.

🧱 Blocks Glossary (used in this project)

• Digital output: Turn a pin ON (HIGH) or OFF (LOW).
• Delay: Pause the program for a set time.
• Loop (while True): Repeat actions forever.
• Loop (for): Repeat a fixed number of times.

🧰 What You Need

🔌 Wiring tip: Connect LED long leg to Pin 2, short leg to GND.
📍 Pin map snapshot: Pin 2 will be our LED control pin.

✅ Before You Start

• USB cable is plugged in
• LED connected correctly (long leg = Pin 2, short leg = GND)
• Test print shows:

print("Ready!")  # Confirm serial is working

🎮 Microprojects (5 Mini Missions)

🎮 Microproject 1.2.1 – Basic LED Blink (1s)

Goal: Blink LED every 1 second.
Blocks used: Digital output, Delay, Loop
Block sequence:

1. Setup Pin 2 as output
2. LED ON → Delay 1s
3. LED OFF → Delay 1s
4. Repeat forever

MicroPython Code:

import machine, time                  # Importa librerías para controlar pines y tiempo
pin2 = machine.Pin(2, machine.Pin.OUT) # Configura el pin 2 como salida digital

while True:                           # Bucle infinito
    pin2.value(1)                      # LED ON
    print("LED ON")                    # Mensaje serial
    time.sleep(1)                      # Espera 1 segundo
    pin2.value(0)                      # LED OFF
    print("LED OFF")                   # Mensaje serial
    time.sleep(1)                      # Espera 1 segundo

Reflection: Your robot can now control light!
Challenge: Change delay to 0.5s for faster blinking.

🎮 Microproject 1.2.2 – LED Flashing Rapidly (0.5s)

Goal: Blink LED every 0.5 seconds.
Blocks used: Digital output, Delay, Loop
Block sequence:

1. Setup Pin 2 as output
2. LED ON → Delay 0.5s
3. LED OFF → Delay 0.5s
4. Repeat forever

MicroPython Code:

import machine, time                  # Importa librerías
pin2 = machine.Pin(2, machine.Pin.OUT) # Configura pin 2 como salida

while True:                           # Bucle infinito
    pin2.value(1)                      # LED ON
    print("LED ON")                    # Mensaje serial
    time.sleep(0.5)                    # Espera medio segundo
    pin2.value(0)                      # LED OFF
    print("LED OFF")                   # Mensaje serial
    time.sleep(0.5)                    # Espera medio segundo

Reflection: Speed changes the rhythm.
Challenge: Try 0.2s for super-fast blinking.

🎮 Microproject 1.2.3 – LED Slow Blink (2s)

Goal: Blink LED every 2 seconds.
Blocks used: Digital output, Delay, Loop
Block sequence:

1. Setup Pin 2 as output
2. LED ON → Delay 2s
3. LED OFF → Delay 2s
4. Repeat forever

MicroPython Code:

import machine, time                  # Importa librerías
pin2 = machine.Pin(2, machine.Pin.OUT) # Configura pin 2 como salida

while True:                           # Bucle infinito
    pin2.value(1)                      # LED ON
    print("LED ON")                    # Mensaje serial
    time.sleep(2)                      # Espera 2 segundos
    pin2.value(0)                      # LED OFF
    print("LED OFF")                   # Mensaje serial
    time.sleep(2)                      # Espera 2 segundos

Reflection: Longer delays make the LED look calm.
Challenge: Try 3s for extra slow blinking.

🎮 Microproject 1.2.4 – Brightness Control with Delay

Goal: Simulate brightness by changing ON/OFF timing.
Blocks used: Digital output, Delay, Loop
Block sequence:

1. LED ON → Delay short
2. LED OFF → Delay long
3. Repeat forever

MicroPython Code:

import machine, time                  # Importa librerías
pin2 = machine.Pin(2, machine.Pin.OUT) # Configura pin 2 como salida

while True:                           # Bucle infinito
    pin2.value(1)                      # LED ON (bright)
    print("LED ON (bright)")           # Mensaje serial
    time.sleep(0.1)                    # Corto tiempo encendido
    pin2.value(0)                      # LED OFF (dim)
    print("LED OFF (dim)")             # Mensaje serial
    time.sleep(0.9)                    # Largo tiempo apagado

Reflection: Timing can simulate brightness.
Challenge: Reverse ON/OFF times for opposite effect.

🎮 Microproject 1.2.5 – SOS Morse

Goal: Blink LED in SOS pattern (… — …).
Blocks used: Digital output, Delay, For loop
Block sequence:

1. Setup Pin 2 as output
2. Blink 3 short (dot)
3. Blink 3 long (dash)
4. Blink 3 short (dot)
5. Pause and repeat

MicroPython Code:

import machine, time                  # Importa librerías
pin2 = machine.Pin(2, machine.Pin.OUT) # Configura pin 2 como salida

while True:                           # Bucle infinito
    for i in range(0, 3, 1):          # Tres puntos
        pin2.value(1); print("DOT")   # LED ON corto + mensaje
        time.sleep(0.3)               # Espera 0.3 segundos
        pin2.value(0)                 # LED OFF
        time.sleep(0.3)               # Espera 0.3 segundos

    for i in range(0, 3, 1):          # Tres rayas
        pin2.value(1); print("DASH")  # LED ON largo + mensaje
        time.sleep(0.9)               # Espera 0.9 segundos
        pin2.value(0)                 # LED OFF
        time.sleep(0.3)               # Espera 0.3 segundos

    for i in range(0, 3, 1):          # Tres puntos
        pin2.value(1); print("DOT")   # LED ON corto + mensaje
        time.sleep(0.3)               # Espera 0.3 segundos
        pin2.value(0)                 # LED OFF
        time.sleep(0.3)               # Espera 0.3 segundos

    time.sleep(2)                      # Pausa antes de repetir

Reflection: Your robot can send signals like a lighthouse.
Challenge: Try another Morse code letter.

✨ Main Project – Hello World LED

🔧 Blocks Steps (with glossary)

• Digital output: Control LED ON/OFF
• Delay: Control timing
• Loop: Repeat pattern

Block sequence:

1. Setup LED pin
2. Blink LED with different delays
3. Create SOS pattern

🐍 MicroPython Code (mirroring blocks)

# Project 1.2 – Hello World LED

import machine, time                  # Importa librerías para controlar pines y tiempo
pin2 = machine.Pin(2, machine.Pin.OUT) # Configura el pin 2 como salida digital

while True:                           # Bucle infinito
    pin2.value(1)                      # LED ON
    print("LED ON")                    # Mensaje serial
    time.sleep(1)                      # Espera 1 segundo
    pin2.value(0)                      # LED OFF
    print("LED OFF")                   # Mensaje serial
    time.sleep(1)                      # Espera 1 segundo

📖 External Explanation

• What it teaches: Robots can control light patterns with code.
• Why it works: Digital output sends ON/OFF signals to the LED pin, and delays control timing.
• Key concept: Timing + repetition = visible patterns.

✨ Story Time

Imagine your robot is a lighthouse. It blinks to guide ships safely. By changing timing, you can send secret codes like SOS!

🕵️ Debugging (2 Common Problems)

🐞 Debugging 1.2.A – LED does not light up (incorrect pin)

Problem: LED stays off.
Clues: Wrong pin or reversed legs.
Broken code:

pin5 = machine.Pin(5, machine.Pin.OUT)   # Pin incorrecto

Fixed code:

pin2 = machine.Pin(2, machine.Pin.OUT)   # Pin correcto para LED

Why it works: Pin 2 is the correct connection for the LED.
Avoid next time: Always check wiring and pin numbers.

🐞 Debugging 1.2.B – Irregular blinking (improperly configured delay)

Problem: LED blinks too fast or too slow.
Clues: Delay values are wrong.
Broken code:

time.sleep(0.05)   # Demasiado rápido

Fixed code:

time.sleep(1)      # Valor correcto para 1 segundo

Why it works: Proper delay values control blink speed.
Avoid next time: Match time.sleep() to the intended rhythm.

✅ Final Checklist

• LED blinked once with test code
• LED blinked at different speeds
• SOS pattern worked

📚 Extras

• 🧠 Student tip: Try spelling your initials with blink counts.
• 🧑‍🏫 Instructor tip: Watch for reversed LED legs.
• 📖 Glossary: Digital output, Delay, Loop.
• 💡 Mini tips: Always test with a simple blink before complex patterns.