🎓 Mini‑Tutorial 1: Variables

Think of variables as little boxes where your robot stores information.

• Definition: A variable is a name that holds a value (like a number or a word).
• Real world: It’s like a backpack pocket where you keep something safe until you need it.

Example Mission: Store your name

# Create a variable called 'name' and store a word
name = "Alex"                   # Put "Alex" inside the box called name

# Show the value of the variable
print("My name is:", name)      # Print the contents of the box

🎯 Your robot just remembered something!

🎓 Mini‑Tutorial 2: Logic

Logic helps your robot think with True or False answers.

• Definition: Logic checks if something is equal, bigger, smaller, or different.
• Real world: It’s like asking yes/no questions.

Example Mission: Compare numbers

x = 5
y = 3

print(x == y)   # False, because 5 is not equal to 3
print(x > y)    # True, because 5 is greater than 3
print(x < y)    # False, because 5 is not less than 3

🎯 Your robot can answer questions with True or False!

🎓 Mini‑Tutorial 3: Control Blocks

Control blocks are the robot’s thinking powers.

• Definition: They tell the robot when to act, how long to repeat, and when to stop.
• Real world: Like following instructions in a game: “If you see a coin, pick it up.”

Main control blocks

• if / else: Make decisions.
• for loop: Repeat a set number of times.
• while loop: Keep going while something is true.
• def (function): Save a group of instructions with a name.

Example Mission: Blink a light 5 times

import machine
pin2 = machine.Pin(2, machine.Pin.OUT)   # LED on Pin 2

for i in range(5):                       # Repeat 5 times
    pin2.value(1)                        # Turn LED ON
    print("LED ON")                      # Serial message
    pin2.value(0)                        # Turn LED OFF
    print("LED OFF")                     # Serial message

🎯 Control blocks make your robot repeat actions without writing the same code over and over.

🎓 Mini‑Tutorial 4: Meet the D1 R32 Board

The D1 R32 is the brain of your robot.

• Digital pins (D1, D2…): Work like switches. ON = 1, OFF = 0.
• Analog pins (A1, A2…): Measure levels like brightness or sound.
• ADC (Analog‑to‑Digital Converter): Turns analog signals into numbers.
• PWM (Pulse Width Modulation): Controls speed or brightness by turning ON/OFF very fast.
• SCL and SDA: Special pins for talking to displays and sensors (used later).
• Bonus: Built‑in Bluetooth and Wi‑Fi for communication.

Example Mission: Read a sensor value

import machine
adc32 = machine.ADC(machine.Pin(32))     # Analog sensor on Pin A0 (32)
adc32.atten(machine.ADC.ATTN_11DB)       # Set range
adc32.width(machine.ADC.WIDTH_12BIT)     # Set resolution

value = adc32.read()                     # Read sensor value
print("Sensor reading:", value)          # Show it on the computer

🎯 Your robot can sense the world by reading numbers from its pins.

🚀 Why Level 0 Matters

• Variables = memory.
• Logic = thinking.
• Control = planning.
• D1 R32 basics = connecting to the world.

Together, they give students the foundation to understand every project in Level 1 and beyond.